 Anti-jihadist forces in the Sahel region Paris (AFP) June 6, 2020 - French troops who killed senior Al Qaeda leader Abdelmalek Droukdel in the Sahel region of Africa this week work alongside several allied military missions. Here is a roundup of anti-jihadist operations in the area. - Barkhane - Operation Barkhane is the biggest French military operation abroad, with 5,100 troops. The forces are deployed across a Europe-sized band of the Sahel region, extending in August 2014 a previous operation dubbed Serval. Several European nations have sent reinforcements, including Denmark with two transport helicopters and 70 soldiers to fly and maintain them. Around 100 British soldiers and three transport helicopters have provided logistic services for Barkhane since July 2018. The United States provides surveillance and operations data via regionally-based drones and performs aerial refuelling and transports troops. - UN blue helmets - The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) deployed in July 2013, replacing an earlier mission created under the aegis of the Economic Community of West African States or ECOWAS. MINUSMA is a peacekeeping mission that involves around 13,000 UN "blue helmets" who are not there to conduct offensive operations. More than 200 soldiers have nonetheless died during their deployment. Germany has contributed 1,100 troops to the mission, and Britain has agreed to send 250 for a three-year period from this year. - G5 Sahel force - The G5 Sahel - Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger - decided in 2017 to move ahead with a project for a joint anti-jihadist force in the region. French President Emmanuel Macron backed the plan for a 5,000-strong force as a possible model for African countries to ensure their own security. It has struggled to get off the ground however, and still seeks a quarter of the 400 million euros ($450 million) pledged last year by donor countries, according to Macron's office. Cooperation between the various national contingents needs improvement and some troops have been accused of multiple human rights violations. On Wednesday, the force inaugurated a new headquarters near Bamako, two years after the previous one in central Mali was attacked. - EUTM Mali - The European Training Mission in Mali comprises 620 military instructors from 28 European countries, whose job is to boost the poorly-trained and equipped Malian army. The Europeans are not supposed to engage in combat. EUTM Mali's mandate was extended in May 2018 for two years and trainees now include G5 Sahel troops. - Takuba - The European Takuba force is comprised of special operations troops who fight alongside Malian soldiers. It has just begun operations with around 100 troops, including Estonians and Swedes, the French defence ministry said Thursday. The Czech Republic is mulling a contribution of 150 airborne rapid-reaction soldiers, and other countries are also considering troop contributions.
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Mali on Saturday pledged to investigate claims that the army killed dozens of civilians in its conflict-riven centre, as complaints about the military's conduct in the West African nation escalate.
Some 30 people were killed and a village burnt in the region, officials said, but it was unclear who was behind the latest violence.
Friday's attack targeted a Fulani village named Binedama in the volatile Mopti region, said Aly Barry, an official from Tabital Pulaaku, a Fulani association.
The group released a statement later on Saturday saying that 29 people had died and called for an independent probe led by the United Nations.
Two other local officials confirmed the attack to AFP, but gave a lower death toll of 26, adding that the village was torched and its chief killed.
An elected official from the area, who also declined to be named, said that "men dressed in Malian army fatigues" had carried out the raid.
He added that they had burned down buildings and killed the village chief.
The strike comes at a time of mounting insecurity in Mali, rising popular discontent with the government, and increasing reports of abuses committed by the country's armed forces.
As is common with many attacks in volatile and remote Sahel regions, it was not immediately clear who the perpetrators were. No group has yet claimed responsibility.
Tabital Pulaaku, however, accused Malian soldiers of being responsible but AFP was unable to independently confirm this claim.
- Ethnic tensions -
Malian Defence Minister Ibrahim Dahirou Dembele told AFP: "At this stage I can neither confirm nor deny anything".
He added, however, that military investigators would investigate the claims from next week.
Mali, a poor nation of some 19 million people, has been in the grips of a jihadist insurgency since 2012, when Islamist fighters commandeered an initially separatist rebellion by ethnic Tuaregs in the north.
The conflict -- which has killed thousands of soldiers and civilians to date -- has since spread to central Mali, as well as to neighbouring Burkina Faso and Niger.
The ethnic mosaic of central Mali has become a flashpoint. Jihadists regularly attack military targets in the region, where fighting has inflamed ethnic tensions.
The pastoralist Fulani people are often accused of being close to jihadists, a perception which has led to tit-for-tit massacres between them and other ethnic groups.
A local government official in Koro, a subdivision of the Mopti region, told AFP that the raid occurred on Friday afternoon.
Two women and a nine-year-old girl were among those killed, he said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
- Insecurity, impunity -
Without citing the source of his information, Tabital Pulaaku's Aly Barry said that soldiers had entered Binedama village in pick-up trucks, entered a killing spree, and set buildings alight.
The organisation has complained about indiscriminate killings of civilians by local troops before, but says that it is usually ignored.
"If nothing is done, the infernal spiral of violence will continue," it said Saturday.
Reports of abuses by underpaid and undertrained Sahel-state armies have increased in the past few months.
In April, the UN's peacekeeping mission in Mali said it had documented 101 extrajudicial killings committed by the army between January and March alone.
Such allegations are also increasingly weighing on the United Nations -- whose Mali peacekeeping force is 13,00 strong -- as well as former colonial power France, which has 5,100 troops stationed across the Sahel.
France said this week that its forces had killed the leader of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Abdelmalek Droukdel, in Mali.
But elsewhere, military successes against jihadists have been limited and insecurity is spiralling.
In a first for Mali, a prominent opposition figure and former prime minister, Soumaila Cisse, was kidnapped in the centre of the country on March 25.
According to security sources, he is likely in the hands of jihadists.
Central Mali has also been riven by inter-ethnic violence for years.
In February, 31 Fulani civilians were butchered in the village of Ogossagou. And in April, 12 people were also killed in an attack on several villages near the town of Bandiagara in central Mali, in an attack blamed on Fulani gunmen.
Frustrations over insecurity, and other problems such as economic decline among other things, have also spilled over into protests.
On Friday, tens of thousands of people took to the streets of the capital Bamako to demand that President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita resign.
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