Somaliland, which has claimed independence from Somalia since 1991, has never been recognised internationally but is often seen as a beacon of stability in a chaotic region.
However, political unease has mounted in recent months.
This week, the United Nations said at least 20 people had been killed in the disputed town of Las Anod in clashes between Somaliland's armed forces and militias loyal to the central government of Somalia.
On Sunday, the authorities in the Somaliland capital Hargeisa said: "This morning, armed forces from the federal government of Somalia began attacking Somaliland's military forces."
They gave no information on possible casualties but said they had issued a warning to Somalia and urged the international community to put pressure on Mogadishu "to withdraw their forces from Somaliland's border".
The government in Mogadishu did not make any official response on Sunday morning.
Fighting broke out on Monday in Las Anod, which is situated on a key trade corridor and is claimed by both Somaliland and neighbouring Puntland, a semi-autonomous state of northeastern Somalia.
The violence erupted a few hours after traditional elders in the Sool region, where Las Anod is located, issued a statement pledging support for "the unity and integrity of the Somali Federal Republic" and urged Somaliland authorities to withdraw their soldiers from the area.
Control of Las Anod has changed hands several times in recent decades.
On Friday evening, the Hargeisa authorities decreed a ceasefire but on Saturday accused militias loyal to Mogadishu of breaking the truce by attacking its soldiers.
It is unclear how many people have been killed in the recent flare-up.
The UN on Tuesday put the toll at least 20 and demanded an official inquiry.
On Saturday the Red Cross tweeted that one of its volunteers had been shot dead.
It called for "restraint and access (for) neutral and impartial humanitarian actors".
Somaliland, a region of 4.5 million people, is a former British protectorate.
It prints its own currency, issues its own passports and elects its own government but its quest for statehood has gone unrecognised, leaving it poor and isolated.
The region has been relatively stable in comparison to Somalia, which has witnessed decades of civil war and Islamist insurgency.
Somaliland troops attacked by militia in contested town: media
Mogadishu (AFP) Feb 11, 2023 -
Somaliland soldiers were attacked on Saturday by militia, state television reported, despite a ceasefire imposed after heavy fighting earlier this week in the breakaway state.
Somaliland, which has claimed independence from Somalia since 1991, has never been recognised internationally, but is often seen as a beacon of stability in a chaotic region.
However, political unease has surged in recent months, and this week the UN said at least 20 people were killed after fighting erupted between government forces and militias in the contested town of Las Anod.
The town is claimed by both semi-autonomous Puntland -- a northern state in Somalia -- and Somaliland.
Abdiqani Mahamoud Ateye, Somaliland's defence minister, on Friday announced on Twitter an "unconditional ceasefire."
However, Somaliland National TV reported on Saturday that the army in Las Anod had been "attacked by terrorist militia."
"The National Army successfully defended themselves from the attack and are currently on high alert in their military base in Las Anod," the broadcaster wrote on Twitter.
The head of the militia held a press conference on Saturday, accusing the Somaliland army of instigating the latest violence.
"They have announced a ceasefire last night but started the fire this morning and are shelling the town," said Garad Jama Garad Ali, adding that a doctor had been killed.
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Turk said Tuesday that the outbreak of violence came "just a month after at least 20,000 people were displaced by clashes" in the disputed town.
Control of Las Anod, located along a key trade corridor, has changed hands several times in recent decades.
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