 Nuclear energy: who's advancing and who's retreating Geneva (AFP) Nov 27, 2016 - Swiss voters on Sunday rejected a bid to speed up the phaseout of its ageing nuclear power plants, but is still sticking to its plan to gradually close its reactors. Like Germany and Japan, Switzerland reached its decision to slowly end its production of nuclear power following the March 2011 earthquake-induced Fukushima disaster. In a popular vote on Sunday, 54.2 percent rejected the call to accelerate the phaseout, in a move that would have forced three of Switzerland's five reactors to close next year. The Swiss nuclear plants, which supply around one third of the country's electricity, will thereby continue to run indefinitely, until they are no longer considered safe. The government's overall energy strategy calls for an increasing reliance on hydraulic power and renewables like solar and wind to fill the void when the nuclear reactors finally are shut down. Other countries meanwhile still put their faith in nuclear power and some want to convert to it. Following is a checklist of the main countries retreating on nuclear power, and those who intend to push ahead with it. - Phasing out atomic energy - Germany, Europe's top economy, which has eight reactors still in operation, decided after the Fukushima disaster to phase out nuclear power by 2022. Under its energy transition plan, Germany is boosting clean energy sources to meet 80 percent of power needs by 2050, against around a third currently. Italy, which had plans to relaunch a nuclear power programme, abandoned them after the Japanese disaster and an ensuing referendum in which its voters came out strongly against. Belgium also plans to phase out nuclear power between 2016 and 2025. - Those who want to continue - Japan, which took its nuclear plants offline after the Fukushima disaster, intends to provide 20-22 percent of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030. However, with tighter safety rules since Fukushima, Tokyo is struggling to restart shuttered reactors and there are just two currently operating. Several countries have confirmed their wish to continue with nuclear energy for various reasons, pointing in particular to the necessity to guarantee energy supplies without depending on imported fossil fuels or because they see in nuclear power an indispensable way of reducing CO2 emissions. Those countries include Britain, China, France, India, Russia and the United States. Some of the countries in question intend to build new nuclear plants. They include China and Britain, which wants to renew its whole nuclear park. South Africa, which has Africa's only nuclear plant, wants to add six to eight new reactors in addition to the two it already has at Koeberg. However, its nuclear programme has been hit by delays. As regards Iran, Russia built its existing 1,000-megawatt reactor at Bushehr that came online in September 2011 and reached full capacity the following year. In September Russian and Iranian firms began work on two additional reactors at Bushehr. The Islamic republic is seeking to reduce its reliance on oil and gas with 20 nuclear facilities planned over the coming years. Iran's nuclear programme has long worried the international community, which fears it is trying to obtain an atomic bomb, and its nuclear activities are strictly governed by a historic accord struck between Iran and global powers in 2015. In Sweden, in June, the left-wing government backtracked on its pledge to phase out atomic energy, striking a deal with the opposition to continue nuclear power for the foreseeable future.
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Switzerland's ageing nuclear reactors will keep running for the foreseeable future, after voters Sunday rejected a call to speed up the phaseout of the plants.
A full 54.2 percent of voters and an overwhelming majority of Switzerland's 26 cantons voted against an initiative which would have forced three of the country's five nuclear reactors to close next year, according to final results.
Just a few months after Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant was destroyed in the March 2011 tsunami disaster, Switzerland decided to gradually close its nuclear plants, but did not set a clear timeline.
The government's plan is to decommission five ageing reactors, which today produce around a third of the country's electricity, as they reach the end of their safe operational lifespan.
But since all of Switzerland's nuclear plants have open-ended operating licences, there is no clear cut-off date determining when they should be shut down.
Pointing out that Switzerland already counts one of the oldest nuclear parks in the world and warning that allowing the reactors to run indefinitely posed a safety risk, the Green Party wanted the reactors to operate for no longer than 45 years.
The party gathered more than the 100,000 signatures needed to put any issue to a popular vote in Switzerland as part of the country's famous direct democratic system.
If the "Nuclear Withdrawal Initiative" had passed, it would have entailed the final closure next year of Beznau, which has been operating in the northern Swiss canton of Aargau, near the German border, for 47 years.
That plant, which has two reactors currently undergoing repairs, became the world's oldest functioning commercial nuclear plant after Britain's Oldsbury reactor closed in 2012.
The Muhlberg plant, which opened in Bern canton in 1972, would also have needed to close next year if the Greens had gotten their way, while Gosgen in Solothurn would have shut by 2024 and, finally, Leibstadt in Aargau by 2029.
- Security of supply -
The Swiss government supports gradually shutting down the plants, but it forcefully opposed the initiative.
It insisted that much has been invested in keeping Switzerland's reactors safe, and cautioned that premature closures could "undermine the security of supply".
The Swiss parliament has also opposed the initiative, along with all the right-leaning parties, while the Greens have the backing of the left-leaning factions.
In the end, 20 of Switzerland's 26 cantons rejected the initiative, with the strongest opposition seen in the central canton of Schwyz, where more than 68 percent voted "no".
Only a handful of mainly French-speaking cantons backed the initiative, with Basel-Town showing strongest support with more than 60 percent of voters there casting their ballot in favour, followed by Geneva, where nearly 59 percent voted "yes".
Voter participation across Switzerland stood at around 44 percent, which is within the normal range for recent votes.
The populist rightwing Swiss People's Party (SVP) voiced hope that the vote indicated the people shared its opposition to the government's entire energy strategy, including the gradual phaseout of nuclear power.
SVP has launched an initiative to be voted on next year to overturn the government's 2050 energy strategy, which aims to increase the reliance on hydraulic power as well as renewables like solar and wind in order to help replace its nuclear plants.
"The logical consequence (of Sunday's vote) is now to accept the referendum against this ill-conceived strategy," SVP parliamentarian Celine Amaudruz told the ATS news agency.
While voicing disappointment at Sunday's result, the left-leaning parties meanwhile insisted that with a full 45.77 percent of voters eager for a speedy exit from nuclear power, the government should have plenty of support for its overall strategy.
And Socialist Party parliamentarian Roger Nordmann stressed that the battle to close the oldest plants would continue.
"We will in any case fight for the immediate closure of Beznau 1 and 2," he told the ATS news agency, insisting the two reactors "are too dangerous".
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