Record-breaking heat and wildfires last year, and recurrent flooding, are a portent of worse to come even if the UK meets its goal of "net zero" carbon emissions by 2050, the experts said in a 340-page report.
The two-yearly report by the adaptation committee was focussed on England but drew UK-wide conclusions, as the Conservative government prepares to outline new steps to guarantee "energy security".
Amid rocketing prices caused by Russia's war in Ukraine, it will update plans for more renewable power and energy conservation with a view to the 2050 target.
Senior opposition Labour lawmaker Ed Miliband said the government needed to stop criticising sweeping new legislation introduced by US President Joe Biden, offering green subsidies, "and start matching its ambition".
But the new UK report said whatever countries do, rising temperatures are here to stay, requiring new efforts to adapt energy and water supplies, buildings, transport networks and other critical infrastructure.
"The government's lack of urgency around climate resilience is increasingly in contrast to the experience of the population in the UK, and the impacts are only going to get worse," adaptation committee chairwoman Julia King told reporters.
"The last decade has been a lost decade in terms of preparing for and adapting to the risks, the risks we already have, and those that we know are coming," she said.
"Adaptation can no longer be left as the Cinderella of climate change," added King, an engineer and climate expert who sits in the House of Lords as Baroness Brown.
- 'Cascading failures' -
The report identified food security as one area of concern, urging the government to mandate reporting by large companies on risks to their supply chains after vegetables recently ran short across the UK.
It also called for a new requirement to record temperatures in care homes and doctors' surgeries, after the mercury topped 40 degrees Celsius (104 Fahrenheit) for the first time in Britain last summer.
Government statisticians recorded 638 excess deaths at the peak of the heatwave on July 19, and a further 496 on July 20, with hospitals coming under severe strain.
The report further warned that there was "no visible plan or process" to protect UK telecommunications and IT systems from future heatwaves.
King warned of "cascading failures" through the economy if a critical sector is affected.
The report comes after UN experts warned last week that the world is on course to cross the key 1.5C global warming limit in about a decade.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change urged dramatic reductions in planet-heating emissions.
But Chris Stark, chief executive of the UK's climate change committee, said that years of warming temperatures are in store whatever happens.
"There is no option but to adapt to the change in the climate," he said at the report's launch.
"The question is only whether we do that well, by doing it early, or wait till later when it will cost more and increase the disruption."
Caroline Lucas, Britain's only Green Party MP, said the report showed that the country was "nowhere near ready for what could happen in the future".
"In the past year we've seen flooding, drought, chronic food shortages and the hottest temperatures on record -- the climate emergency has well and truly arrived," she said.
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