The discretionary spending request for fiscal year 2022 would allocate $769.4 billion to non-defense programs, surpassing the $753 billion apportioned for defense, which was prioritized under Donald Trump but only slightly increased under Biden's proposal.

The Biden administration characterized the increase in non-defense spending as necessary to help the country recover from the Covid-19 downturn and create a more equitable economy in the years ahead.

"The President's funding request makes things fairer," Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said in a statement.

"It injects capital into communities where capital is usually hard to come by. It will make paying taxes a more seamless process for millions of Americans. And it makes sure that corporations actually pay what they owe."

The nearly 16 percent increase in non-defense spending would the total to 3.3 percent of GDP, about equal to its historical average over the past three decades, Shalanda D. Young, acting director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), said in a letter to lawmakers.

Outside of the Defense Department, Health and Human Services would receive the most funding at $133.7 billion, a jump of more than 23 percent from the prior fiscal year, which runs from October to September.

The Education Department would get a 40.8 percent funding increase that would bring its budget to $102.8 billion.

"Over the past decade, due in large measure to overly restrictive budget caps, the nation significantly underinvested in core public services, benefits and protections," Young wrote, saying the plan would be a reversal of that austerity.

The budget is a yearly undertaking for US presidents, signaling their major funding priorities, but must be approved by Congress.

The plan also proposes a funding increase of more than 10 percent to $13.3 billion for the US tax authority, Treasury's Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which would help it improve its services and better monitor corporations and high earners.

It also aims $36.5 billion at schools serving poor populations, $6.5 billion for federal health research and $10.7 billion to fight the opioid epidemic.

The spending bill will be considered by a Congress where Democrats hold small majorities in the House and the Senate, and where lawmakers currently are debating the $2 trillion jobs and infrastructure bill Biden unveiled last week.

Patrick Leahy, Democratic chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee, called the proposal's spending "necessary and urgent," and tied caps in federal spending over the last decade to the terrible toll wrought by the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States.

"I look forward to receiving the administration's full budget in the coming weeks so that Congress can pass a budget resolution and the Senate Appropriations Committee can begin its work of marking up bills," he said in a statement.