Temperatures were forecast to hit 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) in parts of the country, according to the official air force weather service, while the health ministry issued red alerts for Rome and Palermo among other cities.
Weather website Il Meteo blamed an African anticyclone it dubbed "Minos", who in Greek mythology was the son of Zeus. After his death, Minos became a judge of the underworld.
In Rome, where the air force recorded a peak of 39C on Thursday afternoon, the city hall has installed potted palm trees at bus stops to provide some shade.
While the capital has many parks and is dotted with drinking water fountains in addition to the decorative ones, there are also many streets and piazzas with little to no cover from the sun.
The occasional palm was not enough to offset the sauna-like heat and during lunchtimes this week, many have spurned outside tables for the cool of air-conditioned restaurants.
"We'll go back to the hotel for a while to avoid the hottest hours," Anna Verna, an Italian tourist to Rome, told AFP on Friday while visiting an area near the famous Spanish Steps.
"Then we'll go out again... Rome is beautiful, so we want to enjoy it even in the heat."
Environmental campaign group Greenpeace took a thermal camera onto the streets of Rome and found temperatures above 50C at certain spots, including the Colosseum.
Last year, Rome recorded a record peak temperature of 42.9C on July 18, according to city hall.
"A record, unfortunately, that we risk breaking this summer," said Sabrina Alfonsi, lead councillor for the environment.
"Summer has already exploded, even though it is still June."
Human-caused climate change is heating up the planet at an alarming rate, sparking repeated intense heatwaves, the global scientific community agrees.
Hong Kong matches record for hottest summer solstice
Hong Kong (AFP) June 21, 2024 -
Hong Kong matched on Friday its record for the hottest summer solstice as a subtropical ridge drove temperatures up to 34 degrees Celsius (93.2 degrees Fahrenheit).
"The maximum temperature recorded at the observatory was 34C, the highest so far this year and equalling the record high for summer solstice set in 1980," the city's weather observatory said.
The Chinese finance hub saw its hottest summer on record last year, with the mean temperature hitting 29.7C (85F) in August.
The top three warmest years in Hong Kong's history were all recorded after 2018.
Scientists warn extreme heat globally will become more frequent and intense because of human-induced climate change.
The Observatory issued its "very hot weather" warning on Friday and health officials urged the public to drink plenty of water and take measures to avoid heatstroke.
Authorities said they will continue to operate 19 temporary heat shelters for people to spend the night.
Hong Kong has in recent years emphasised the need to protect workers from heat stress, but has stopped short of enacting legal safeguards.
The city does not list heatstroke as a work-related injury in its laws, and activists say government statistics undercount the number of workers who died of the illness.
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