Historically, stellar black holes in our galaxy have averaged around 10 solar masses. The previously largest known, Cygnus X-1, caps at 21 solar masses, making the new discovery significantly larger. This black hole, situated merely 2000 light-years away in the constellation Aquila and referred to as Gaia BH3, ranks as the second-nearest black hole to Earth. "Finding such a high-mass black hole in our proximity was completely unexpected," remarked Pasquale Panuzzo of the Observatoire de Paris, CNRS.
The validation of Gaia BH3's mass was assisted by data from the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) on the VLT in Chile's Atacama Desert. These findings not only corroborated the Gaia mission data but also elucidated the properties of the companion star, allowing precise mass measurements.
The existence of similar massive black holes has been recognized outside our galaxy, believed to originate from metal-poor stars-those primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. Such stars theorized to retain more mass through their lifespans, potentially lead to the formation of larger black holes post-collapse. The metal-poor nature of BH3's companion suggests a similar origin, supporting this theory.
The study, headed by Panuzzo and published in Astronomy and Astrophysics, was released ahead of the next Gaia data unveiling, citing the discovery's unique nature. "Publishing early allows the global astronomy community immediate access to study this black hole," added co-author Elisabetta Caffau of CNRS.
Ongoing observations, including potential studies using the GRAVITY instrument on ESO's VLT Interferometer, are expected to shed further light on this black hole's characteristics and origins.
Research Report:Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole (pre-release Gaia astrometry)
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