Malaita premier Martin Fini -- who has overseen the swift expansion of Chinese interests in the province -- lost his re-election bid, according to the election commission.
For years, the province of Malaita refused to accept aid or investment from China, bucking the trend as Beijing's influence expanded across the rest of the sprawling archipelago.
But that changed when Fini was installed as premier in 2023, replacing the popular Daniel Suidani.
Fini recently signed a memorandum of understanding with China's Jiangsu province. But his failure to reclaim his seat now puts that agreement in doubt.
Beijing's embassy in the Solomon Islands has in the past praised Fini's "firm support" of China, promising to pave his province with new roads and ply it with better internet.
Suidani was one of the rare provincial leaders who refused to cash China's cheques, fearing Beijing's goodwill would one day come with strings attached.
Indicating he would now seek to reclaim the premiership of Malaita, Suidani said the pursuit of closer ties with China had contributed to Fini's downfall.
"The people here in Malaita don't agree with the ruling government for the past 12 months," he told AFP on Friday.
"All of these things contributed, including the signing of the provincial relationship with Jiangsu."
Suidani's provincial government was so concerned about China's sway that it blocked telecoms giant Huawei from building desperately needed cell phone towers on the island.
"That is something that is very concerning -- the influence of the (Chinese Communist Party) in this country," Suidani told AFP earlier this week as elections kicked into gear.
Suidani was ousted as Malaita's premier after losing a no-confidence vote in early 2023.
He has long suspected China of working behind the scenes to orchestrate his removal.
Solomon Islands is currently counting votes for both provincial and national elections.
The contest has cast the spotlight on China's efforts to stamp its mark on the South Pacific and has been pitched in part as a referendum on Beijing's growing influence in the country.
Incumbent Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare has championed deeper ties with Beijing since coming to power in 2019.
The centrepiece of Sogavare's embrace was a 2022 security pact that has seen rotating teams of Chinese police deployed in the archipelago.
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