The 7.8-magnitude quake on February 6, and its aftershocks, killed more than 55,000 people and left many more in dire conditions.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said initial assessments in Turkey revealed "severe damage to agriculture, including crops, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture, as well as rural infrastructure in affected areas".
"The earthquake severely impacted 11 key agricultural provinces affecting 15.73 million people and more than 20 percent of the country's food production," it said in a statement.
"The earthquake-affected region, known as Turkey's 'fertile crescent', accounts for nearly 15 percent of agricultural GDP and contributes to almost 20 percent of Turkey's agrifood exports."
It estimated the quake had caused $1.3 billion in damage, through the destruction of infrastructure, livestock and crops, and $5.1 billion in losses to the agricultural sector.
When the earthquake hit, buildings collapsed, crops were damaged and animals were killed, but the resulting devastation also created shortages of barns, food and vaccines for livestock that survived.
The shortage of workers is also having an impact, with particular concerns as the summer harvest season draws closer.
The FAO is appealing for $112 million to help quake-affected communities in Turkey, including $25 million under a wider UN appeal issued in February to provide cash, livestock and agricultural support to 900,000 people in rural areas.
"The planting season deadline is approaching. We need to urgently support our farmers by providing fertilisers and seeds," said FAO coordinator Viorel Gutu.
"This is our only chance to maintain crop production levels this year. We also need to provide animals with feed to maintain their health and productivity."
The FAO said more than one-third of the population in the hardest-hit areas relied on agriculture to survive.
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