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WATER WORLD
Scientists live stream their dissection of colossal squid
by Brooks Hays
Auckland, New Zealand (UPI) Sep 16, 2014


Video shows what it's like inside a wasp nest
Washington (UPI) Sep 16, 2014 - Vang Tsal has a room with a view -- a room with a view of the inner workings of a giant (and busy) wasp nest.

Tsal didn't seek out the world of wasps; instead, they offered him a front row seat by building their nest right up against a window in the attic of Tsal's house. He took the opportunity to share his vantage point on YouTube.

Tsal first posted a 40-second video to YouTube and shared his clip on Reddit, writing: "Wasps were kind enough to build this nest in a double-glass window which can not be opened and it is isolated in the attic. No worries for me or the neighbors."

Another video followed, this one with an external microphone. "Do you hear the thousands little footsteps?" Tsal asked his YouTube visitors.

Most wasp species are solitary parasitoids, not building nests at all. But these -- as one can easily see -- are of the social variety, preferring the company of others and building large honeycomb-like nests using mostly wood pulp.

One YouTube commenter, Abraham Nixon, told Tsal there was nothing to worry about: "Amateur biologist here, these are Honey Bee's not Wasp's, no real reason to worry yourself as they tend to be docile creatures with a gentle disposition."

But Nixon is certainly mistaken, as the wasps appear to be (as Tsal eventually confirmed on Reddit) European hornets -- one of the largest types of social wasps, and possessing a sting much more painful than most wasp and bee stings. Still, hornets are generally not aggressive unless directly threatened. European hornets were introduced to North America in the middle of the 19th century and have thrived there ever since.

The second wholly intact adult colossal squid ever to be caught is no longer intact. Yesterday, a team of squid experts in New Zealand unthawed the massive sea creature and dissected it -- cut it to pieces in the name of science. They captured the historic process on video, live-streaming the whole operation. A replay is now available on YouTube.

The rare colossal squid specimen stretched 11 feet in length and weighed more than 770 pounds, and had to be transported using a forklift. For nearly a year, the squid has been frozen -- sitting on ice since it was first pulled from the Southern Ocean in 2013 by fishermen aboard the vessel San Aspiring.

Remarkably, the first-ever adult colossal squid, which was captured in 2007, was hooked by the same fishing boat -- pulled from the deep ocean off the coast of Patagonia. That specimen was preserved and is currently on display at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

The newest squid was cut to pieces, to give marine biologists a better understanding of how the squid's massive features work. Of particular interest to the scientists at Te Papa Tongarewa and the Auckland University of Technology are the squid's eyes, which are the size of dinner plates.

"The colossal squid eye is the largest in the animal kingdom," Dr. Kat Bolstad, a squid expert from AUT's Institute of Applied Ecology who led the dissection, told Radio New Zealand. "We will now have a good look at the retina and the eye lens."

The research team also wanted to try to solve other mysteries, like: what does a colossal squid eat? Scientists have known about colossal squid for nearly a century, having found bits and pieces of them inside the stomachs of sperm whales, but they have no idea what the squids themselves eat. Now they may be in possession of some clues.

The dissection unearthed partially digested material inside the squid's guts.

"The only thing that's known so far, based on isotope analysis where you use the concentration of nitrogen and carbon in tissue to determine where it sits in the food chain, is that it is a top predator, but we don't know what it eats," explained researcher Heather Braid.

Hearing about this remarkable sea creature, which lives thousands of feet beneath the ocean's surface, one might be apt to cry out: "That squid is giant." Indeed, that squid is giant; but it's not a giant squid. Giant squid are another elusive deep-sea monster. They stretch longer than colossal squid, but don't weigh quite as much.

Tissue samples collected during yesterday's dissection will help scientists sequence the entire colossal squid genome, and better understand how the giant and colossal squids are related on the evolutionary family tree.

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