The presidents of Ukraine and Belarus toured Wednesday the site of the Chernobyl plant to mark 31 years since the "unhealing wound" of the world's worst civil nuclear accident spewed radiation across Europe.

The station's fourth reactor in the north of former Soviet Ukraine exploded in 1986 after a safety test went horribly wrong at 1:23 am on April 26.

Around 30 people were killed on site and several thousand more are feared to have died in the years that followed from radiation poisoning across Ukraine as well as its northern neighbour Belarus and Russia to the east.

The exact number of victims remains a subject of intense debate because the Soviet authorities kept most of the information about the disaster hidden.

Hundreds of thousands of people were evacuated from the area around the disaster site and an exclusion zone was set up that has now become a ghostly uninhabited region.

Ukraine placed a mammoth 2.1-billion-euro ($2.3-billion) metal dome over the remnants of the Chernobyl plant last year in a bid to stop future leaks and ensure the safety of Europeans for generations.

More than 200 tonnes of uranium remain buried inside the crippled reactor that leaked radiation across three quarters of Europe.

Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko called the explosion and its dire aftermath "an unhealing wound with which we as a people live with".

"Perhaps more than anyone else, the Chernobyl tragedy affected our Belarussian brothers," Poroshenko said at a joint appearance with his Belarussian counterpart Alexander Lukashenko.

Scientist believe the winds on that fateful day carried a predominant portion of the radiation cloud over the southeastern portion of Belarus.

"Both Belarussians and Ukrainians know that the Chernobyl catastrophe knows no borders," Lukashenko said.

About 600,000 people who became known as "liquidators" -- mostly emergency workers and state employees -- were dispatched with little or no protective gear to help clean up the aftermath of the disaster.

"Thank you to the heroes who, at the expense of their own lives and health, protected us from the horrible consequences of this tragedy," Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman wrote on Facebook.

A 2005 United Nations report estimated that "up to 4,000" people could eventually perish from the invisible poison in Ukraine and neighbouring Russia and Belarus.

The Greenpeace environmental group the following year issued its own study estimating that 100,000 had already lost their lives.

Fears that a structure hastily built over the stricken reactor was cracking saw more than 40 countries pitch in for the creation of the new 25,000-tonne protective steel barrier.

os-zak/msp

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A Japanese court on Friday ruled for the first time that the government bears responsibility for the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster and ordered it and the plant operator to pay damages, officials and news reports said. A massive tsunami triggered by a 9.0-magnitude earthquake smashed into the Fukushima Daiichi power plant on Japan's northeastern coast on March 11, 2011. The water overwh ... read more

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