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FLORA AND FAUNA
Wyoming gubernatorial candidate wants wolf hunt, ignores feds
by Brooks Hays
Washington (UPI) Oct 3, 2014


Montana bullfrog invasion spreading along Yellowstone River
Billings, Mont. (UPI) Oct 3, 2014 - The numbers of most frog species -- and most amphibians, for that matter -- are dwindling as habitats are diminished and waterways become increasingly polluted, but not the American bullfrog.

Native to the eastern and southern regions of North America, the American bullfrog has been introduced all across the United States and Canada. Most recently, it's been invading Montana -- showing up in increasing numbers along the Yellowstone River.

Because bullfrogs are large and can eat both vegetation and small animals, including each other, they make excellent invaders. As they use those invasion skills near Billings, Mont., wildlife officials and environment advocates are becoming worried the invading frogs could threaten more vulnerable native aquatic species.

Between 2010 and 2013, the number of bullfrog breeding sites quadrupled, and their territory more than doubled. At last count, wildlife officials found 45 breeding communities scattered along 66 miles of Yellowstone River.

"Bullfrogs were likely introduced to the Yellowstone River region for food, recreational hunting, bait and pest control, and as released pets," Adam Sepulveda recently told the Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Sepulveda is a scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey, currently conducting research at the Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center in Bozeman, Mont.

"The impacts of bullfrogs on native amphibians in the Yellowstone River are not yet known, but native Northern leopard frogs are likely to be most vulnerable to bullfrog invasion and spread because their habitats overlap," Sepulveda said.

Montana and federal conservation officials first tried to kill off the invading species, but the frogs proved too resilient. As a recent USGS report noted, "bullfrogs are extremely difficult to eradicate because they are highly fecund (females can produce up to 40,000 eggs per clutch) and are extremely mobile."

Now, scientists and wildlife officials are just trying to figure out a way to contain the frogs.

Wyoming Independent gubernatorial candidate Don Wills says the state's wolf hunt should continue as planned. Wills recently called on the current governor and one of his upcoming election opponents, Republican Matt Mead, to defy the September federal court ruling that returned the wolves to federal protection and forbade the hunt.

"The wolf tags have been issued, and hunters had already made plans to start their hunts," Wills said, according to the Billings Gazette. "The disruption to hunters, outfitters and the cost to Wyoming Game and Fish to refund hunting permits caused by a single black-robed judge who sits in Washington, D.C., and has probably never been in Wyoming is outrageous and should be defied by Wyoming."

The single black-robed judge is U.S. District Judge Amy Berman Jackson. After Wyoming officials -- backed by the support of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service -- decided the improved health of wolf populations warranted the return of the state's annual trophy hunt, environmental groups sued and the case made its way to Jackson. Last month, she rejected the state's new wolf management plan, ruling the hunt be called off and federal protections offered by the Endangered Species Act be reinstated. Last week, the case returned on appeal; Jackson declined to change her mind.

"If you think this story sounds familiar, that's because you've heard it numerous times before," Jamie Rappaport Clark, president of Defenders of Wildlife, one of the plaintiffs, wrote in the Huffington Post this week. "This is now the fifth time the Service has attempted to weaken or remove federal protections for a population of gray wolves in the Northern Rockies. And it's the fifth time the agency has lost in federal court, wasting taxpayer dollars and valuable time and energy that could have been spent on plans that would actually help wolf recovery."

But Wills, whose campaign has repeatedly decried government waste and overreach, thinks support of federal wildlife officials is as good an excuse as any to ignore Judge Jackson.

"Colorado did just that in the legalization of pot," Mills said. "It's a federal crime to commercially grow pot, and the state of Colorado defied the federal laws and it all worked out fine."

Current Wyoming governor, Matt Mead, isn't a fan of the federal decision either, but he says Mills' rhetoric isn't helpful.

"Wyoming has successfully negotiated against federal overreach, and when necessary we have gone to court," Mead said in a statement. "I do not advocate taking an extreme stand, doomed to failure, which undermines Wyoming's interests instead of moving Wyoming forward."

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