It remained unclear if there were casualties from the strikes in Zawiya, a city on the Mediterranean coast about 40 kilometres (25 miles) west of the capital Tripoli.

Libya was plunged into chaos after a NATO-backed uprising toppled and killed strongman Moamer Kadhafi in 2011, with armed groups exploiting the situation to fund their activities through fuel smuggling and the trafficking of migrants.

The Libyan Army said the air strikes "targeted and destroyed fuel trafficking sites in Zawiya, specifically in Asban," a semi-rural area outside of the city.

It also called on locals to clear areas it labelled as "strongholds for trafficking and crime".

In May 2023, the Tripoli-based government carried out drone strikes as part of an anti-smuggling operation, killing at least two people and injuring several others, authorities said at the time.

Those strikes followed clashes between armed groups suspected of involvement in human trafficking and smuggling of fuel and other contraband goods.

Libya's eastern-based parliament accused the Tripoli-based Government of National Unity of targeting the home of one of its lawmakers, an opponent of the government.

Libya is divided between the Tripoli-based GNU and a rival administration in the east, backed by military strongman Khalifa Haftar.

Footage posted on the army's Facebook page showed a military truck smashing into the facade of a small dwelling.

Other footage showed tanks and pickup trucks mounted with machine guns driving through Zawiya.

The city hosts Libya's second-largest oil refinery, with smugglers trafficking the fuel across the border into neighbouring Tunisia.