Designed to be buried or hidden on the ground, anti-personnel mines often mutilate victims who are not immediately killed and aid groups have decried their long-term impact on civilians.

The Anti-Personnel Landmines Convention, also known as the Ottawa Convention, prohibits the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of landmines.

"I will recommend a positive opinion for Poland to withdraw from the Ottawa Convention and possibly from the Dublin Convention," Tusk told lawmakers, clarifying he was referring to treaties on "anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions."

Poland, a staunch Ukraine ally, has been calling for Europe to strengthen its defences against its neighbour Russia, with Tusk saying the continent must win the "arms race" with Moscow.

At least two NATO countries, Finland and Lithuania -- both also bordering Russia -- have in the past months mulled exiting from the Ottawa Convention.

"Let's face it: it's not something nice, nothing pleasant. We know that very well," Tusk said.

"The problem is that in our environment, those we may be afraid of, or those who are at war, they all have it," he added.

- 'Increase our defence' -

Lithuania on Thursday has quit the treaty banning cluster bombs citing security concerns over a threat from Moscow, sparking outrage from human rights watchdogs.

Amnesty International called the move "disastrous", while Human Rights Watch said it was "alarming", and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) warned it "weakens vital protections for civilians".

But Tusk pledged Poland will use "every available opportunity to increase our defence" and brushed off a potential backlash.

"We will not look at anyone. We will not fear anyone's criticism," he told the parliament.

He also said Poland would introduce a large-scale military training programme for civilians.

The scheme was intended to be ready by the end of the year "so that every adult man in Poland is trained in case of war," Tusk said.

Earlier on Friday, Polish President Andrzej Duda said he had submitted an amendment to anchor in the constitution a defence spending mark of four percent of GDP, twice NATO's current target.

Poland is far ahead of its allies in terms of military expenditure, aiming to spend 4.7 percent of its GDP on defence this year.

The amendment would be "a guarantee that these expenses will actually be carried out," Duda, allied with the conservative right-wing opposition, told reporters.

Tusk said the proposal should be "analysed very seriously" but did not say if his ruling coalition would back it.

It would need a cross-party support of two-thirds of the lawmakers in the Polish parliament's lower chamber to enter into force.