The talks between US President Donald Trump and Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi came after Tokyo agreed last year to invest $550 billion through 2029 as part of a new trade pact with Washington.

Thursday's joint statement on the so-called small modular reactors (SMRs) also announced a $33 billion investment in natural gas power generation facilities in Pennsylvania and Texas.

The countries announced the first tranche of projects under the new investment fund in February, with $36 billion in commitments in three infrastructure projects.

Thursday's statement said the projects would ensure security by "accelerating economic growth of both countries, thereby paving the way for a New Golden Age of the ever-growing Japan-US Alliance."

It touted the SMRs, built by GE Vernova Hitachi, as providing "a tremendous next-generation stable power source, stabilizing electricity prices for American people and strengthening the Japan-US leadership in global technological competition."

Both sides also released an action plan on developing critical mineral supply chains, amid concerns about China's dominant role in the sector.

It includes discussing coordinated trade policies and mechanisms, such as border-adjusted price floors, "focusing in the first instance on select critical minerals."

The two nations will also cooperate on development of deep-sea critical minerals, "including rare-earth muds near Japan's Minamitorishima Island," the White House said.

Minamitorishima is an isolated Japanese coral atoll about 1,950 kilometres (1,200 miles) southeast of Tokyo.

Sediment containing rare earths was collected by a Japanese deep-sea scientific drilling boat that set sail in January for the island, whose surrounding waters are believed to contain a trove of valuable minerals.

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General Electric

HITACHI