The bounce in July sales, boosted by online spending, showed that consumption has proven more robust than expected, even as the US economy cools.
Comments by Minneapolis Fed president Neel Kashkari also added to concerns that the US central bank is not yet done with rate hikes in its battle to tame inflation.
While inflation may be moving in the right direction, it is still higher than the Federal Reserve would like and it is too early to declare victory, said Kashkari, a member of the Fed's interest-rate-setting committee.
"I'm not ready to say that we're done, but I'm seeing positive signs," Kashkari told a conference in Minneapolis on Tuesday.
The central banker said he would need to see "convincing evidence" that inflation is coming down to the Fed's 2.0 percent target and that the central bank was a "long way" from cutting rates.
Minutes from the Fed's July policy meeting are due to be released later Wednesday which investors will be scouring for insight on the bank's interest rate outlook.
US stocks retreated on rate concerns and fresh worries over the banking sector after an analyst at ratings agency Fitch warned of the risks of a banking industry downgrade.
The Dow fell 1.0 percent while the broad-based S&P 500 dropped 1.2 percent and the tech-rich Nasdaq Composite Index declined by 1.1 percent.
- Banks cut China forecasts -
The declines on Wall Street added to the risk-off sentiment in Asia, with data showing a further fall in Chinese new home prices in July adding to concerns about the world's second-largest economy, which has stumbled since emerging from its pandemic isolation.
Asian markets were well in the red, with Tokyo, Hong Kong, Seoul and Sydney all closing down more than 1.0 percent.
Shanghai, Taipei, Singapore, Bangkok and Jakarta also retreated, while Manila was the sole gainer and Kuala Lumpur was flat.
European markets largely reversed their opening falls, with London flat while Frankfurt was up 0.2 percent and Paris was 0.3 percent higher.
"Most Asian stocks experienced declines due to further deteriorating economic conditions in China. These concerns were exacerbated by resurfacing anxieties about a more aggressive stance from the US Federal Reserve, causing a wholesale lack of interest in high-risk assets," said Stephen Innes of SPI Asset Management.
Figures released Wednesday by China's National Bureau of Statistics showed new home prices declined for a second month in July in a further indication of the problems facing the deeply indebted property sector and the wider economy.
The data comes on top of a raft of weaker-than-expected figures on Tuesday showing slowing growth in retail sales and industrial production.
Several banks slashed their growth forecasts for China following the data, with JPMorgan Chase cutting its estimate for 2023 to 4.8 percent, well below a May forecast of 6.4 percent, Bloomberg reported. Barclays also cut its estimate to 4.5 percent.
The recent data suggests China may struggle to achieve its official five percent growth target set for the year.
The economy grew just 0.8 percent between the first and second quarters of 2023, according to official figures.
- Key figures around 0815 GMT -
Hong Kong - Hang Seng Index: DOWN 1.4 percent at 18,329.30 (close)
Shanghai - Composite: DOWN 0.8 percent at 3,150.13 (close)
Tokyo - Nikkei 225: DOWN 1.5 percent at 31,766.82 (close)
London - FTSE 100: FLAT at 7,387.61
Euro/dollar: UP at $1.0931 from $1.0905 at 2050 GMT on Tuesday
Pound/dollar: UP at $1.2754 from $1.2704
Euro/pound: DOWN at 85.71 pence from 85.82 pence
Dollar/yen: DOWN at 145.50 from 145.57 yen
West Texas Intermediate: DOWN 0.5 percent at $80.59 per barrel
Brent North Sea crude: DOWN 0.5 percent at $84.49 per barrel
New York - Dow: DOWN 1.0 percent at 34,946.39 (close)
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