Some 55 per cent of Afghans did not have $1 a day in 2016-17 to cover food, clothing, shelter or education, according to the results of the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey (ALCS) of 21,000 households conducted by the Afghan statistics bureau.

In 2011-2012, the figure stood at 38 percent, while in 2007-2008 it was as low as 34 percent.

"The high poverty rates represent the combined effect of stagnating economic growth, increasing demographic pressures, and a deteriorating security situation in the context of an already impoverished economy and society where human capital and livelihoods have been eroded by decades of conflict and instability," wrote the World Bank's representative in Afghanistan, Shubham Chaudhuri, in a blog analysing the survey.

The withdrawal of international troops, which began in 2012, coupled with the decline in aid, both security and civilian, has seen Afghanistan's annual growth slow from 9.4 percent between 2003 and 2012 to 2.1 percent between 2013 and 2016.

With the population itself growing by three percent each year, resources are being shared among more people. Consequently, per capita GDP has fallen by $100 since 2012, slumping to $562 in 2016, according to the World Bank.

More than one million Afghans living in neighbouring states have returned, while the conflict has forced hundreds of thousands of people from their homes and land, disrupting the economy.

Food insecurity now affects 45 percent of the population, compared to 30 percent in 2011-2012, according to the survey.

"These findings, while stark, are not a reason for despair, but a call to action," Chaudhuri wrote.

In a statement, the European Union delegation in Afghanistan reported a "mixed picture", with "progress in some areas", such as education, health, water and sanitation, but also "some deterioration, in particular the economic wellbeing and the food security".

At its peak, the international coalition counted more than 130,000 foreign soldiers in Afghanistan, three-quarters Americans, under the NATO banner.

Their withdrawal coincided with a resurgence of insecurity and an increase in civilian casualties.

While the American presence has risen again to 15,000 soldiers, international aid has been greatly reduced.