Entitled "If Crisis or War Comes", the brochure is published in 13 languages at the request of the government and gives advice on how to take shelter, what foods to store and what information to trust. It will be sent to 4.8 million Swedes between May 28 and June 3.

The 20-page document outlines with simple illustrations the threats which the Nordic nation is facing such as military conflict, natural disasters, cyber and terror attacks.

"Even if Sweden is safer than many other countries...threats do exist," said Dan Eliasson, head of the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, which prepared the booklet.

"It's important that everyone has knowledge of what can threaten us so we can prepare in case something serious occurs," he told a news conference in Stockholm.

"Sweden will be affected if there is a military conflict close to us. It might affect our import of goods like food and so on...even though the military conflict is not in Sweden itself we can get affected," Christina Andersson, the brochure's project manager, told AFP.

The last time such a brochure was printed was in 1961 during the Cold War. While the latest booklet does not point to any country, its release comes amid fears of an open conflict between NATO and Russia over Moscow's military activities along its borders.

Sweden, which is not a NATO member, does not share a border with Russia, but the two nations are connected across the Baltic Sea, where Moscow has a naval base in Baltiysk, located in the Kaliningrad region east of the Stockholm coastline.

The sight of an unidentified submarine in the Stockholm archipelago in the autumn of 2014 heightened Russian worries and was followed by several violations of Swedish airspace by Russian aircraft.

- 'Military muscles'-

In December, a defence commission representing all parties in the Swedish parliament published a report entitled "Resilience" which presented military proposals between 2021 and 2025.

"The military situation has deteriorated in Europe in recent years and Russian military capabilities are increasing and will continue to increase," the commission chairman Bjorn von Sydow, a former Social Democrats defence minister, said at the time.

The commission recommended investing 400 million euros per year to modernise the military and civilian defence systems, allowing people to store water and food for a week so the nation could stand a blockade for three months.

Sweden is not a member of NATO, but joined its Partnership for Peace launched in 1994 to develop military cooperation between the allies and non-member countries.

The nation has not experienced an armed conflict on its territory for more than two centuries, and to some Swedes, the risk of that happening is unlikely.

"I don't think the risk is higher today than it was yesterday," said Svante Rosing, a retired lawyer in his mid-70s who said he remembers the Cold War pamphlet looking "quite threatening".

Sweden slashed military spending at the end of the Cold War, but Moscow's annexation of Crimea changed the situation.

Stockholm announced in March last year that it would reintroduce compulsory military service as early as this summer, seven years after it was abolished. The nation also resumed military activities on Gotland, an island in the Baltic Sea.

On Monday, Prime Minister Stefan Lofven and Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf announced the first creation of a Swedish regiment since World War II, located on the island in "a clear signal" of Stockholm's priorities.

"We're showing that we have military muscles," Lofven was quoted as saying by the daily Aftonbladet.