Here are some of the key events.

- 'Sleeper cells' -

On January 15, 2018 the prime minister, Haider al-Abadi, says jihadist "sleeper cells" remain and must be eliminated.

His comments come after a twin suicide bombing kills 31 people in Baghdad in the second such attack in three days.

On February 19 IS fighters disguised as soldiers kill 27 members of a pro-government paramilitary group, Hashed al-Shaabi, underlining the threat still posed by the jihadists.

- Moqtada Sadr shock poll win -

On May 12 Iraq holds parliamentary elections, with firebrand Shiite cleric Moqtada Sadr achieving a shock triumph.

Sadr's militia is known for a bloody insurgency against US troops who invaded in 2003 to oust long-time dictator Saddam Hussein.

In an alliance with communists, Sadr's group takes 54 seats. The Conquest Alliance of pro-Iranian former paramilitary fighters comes second with 48 seats. Abadi's bloc is third with 42.

- Jihadists hanged -

On June 3 a court sentences a French woman to life in jail for membership of IS. She is among more than 300 people, including around 100 foreigners, sentenced to death or life in prison on the same charges, judicial sources say.

On June 29, 13 jihadists on death row are executed in retaliation for the killing of eight civilians who had been held captive by IS.

- Protests erupt -

On July 8 dozens of people protest against unemployment in the port city of Basra. Violent demonstrations spread to other parts of the country, demanding jobs and condemning corruption among officials.

Over a week in early September, 12 protesters are killed in Basra in clashes with security forces.

On September 3 -- four months after the elections -- the groupings of Sadr and Abadi agree to work with others to create the biggest bloc in parliament capable of forming a new government.

But on September 8 Sadr drops his support for Abadi as anger grows over the Basra killings.

- Political divisions -

On September 15 parliament elects a speaker in a major step towards forming a long-delayed government.

Speaker Mohammed al-Halbusi is a Sunni, in line with a long established power-sharing deal in which the prime minister must be a Shiite and the president a Kurd.

On October 2 the parliament selects Barham Saleh as president, a largely ceremonial role. He instructs independent Adel Abdel Mahdi to form a government as prime minister designate.

On October 5 the parliament approves Mahdi's 14 proposed cabinet ministers but key portfolios are not assigned because of political divisions.

- First attack on Mosul -

On November 8 a car bomb kills at least three people in Mosul in the first such attack in the city -- which had been the de facto IS capital in Iraq for nearly three years -- since jihadists were ousted there in July 2017.

The Center for Strategic and International Studies says that while the total number of IS attacks in Iraq has dropped in 2018, those against government targets have increased.

On the anniversary of the declared IS defeat, Mahdi says on December 10 the next target is corruption.

The government meanwhile announces it will reopen part of Baghdad's high-security Green Zone, where key government offices and Western embassies are based, for five hours every evening. It has been closed off to the general public since 2003.