The parade in Russia's second city was the first time war-era and modern heavy weaponry, including the famed T-34 battle tank and multiple-launch rocket systems, have trundled past the Hermitage Museum to mark the end of the siege of Leningrad, sparking controversy with some survivors criticising "militarism".

President Vladimir Putin, a native of Saint Petersburg, chose to skip the show of force in the snow-covered Palace Square, though he will attend several other commemorative events.

More than 2,500 servicemen in modern and period uniforms including sheepskin coats and felt boots took part in the parade.

Hundreds of spectators watched the performance in falling snow and temperatures of minus 11 degrees Celsius (12 Fahrenheit), some wrapped in blankets against the cold.

A moment of silence was observed to the ticking of a metronome used to warn residents about air-raids during the siege. Some clutched flowers and could not hold back tears.

- 'We have to remember' -

"This is a celebration for the city and the country," said Ivan Kolokoltsev, a 45-year-old manager.

"We have to remember, we have to commemorate it so that people remember."

Natalya Gerashchenko brought her 12-year-old son to see the military display.

"A military parade is very beautiful," the 35-year-old said. "The lifting of the siege is very important for everyone."

Encircled by the Nazi troops for 872 days between 1941 and 1944, the city of around 3 million people went through unspeakable horrors.

With supplies to the city cut, bread rations plunged to 250 grammes (half a pound) for manual workers and 125 grammes for other civilians.

More than 800,000 people starved to death or died of disease and shelling. Numerous historians say the true figures are higher

Many in Saint Petersburg, including some siege survivors, have denounced the parade as misplaced sabre-rattling and militaristic propaganda.

"I am against militarism," Yakov Gilinsky, an 84-year-old siege survivor, told AFP ahead of the parade. "War is horrible."

Historian Vyacheslav Krasikov, whose mother and grandmother survived the blockade, has said that conducting the military festivities would be like holding parades at the Auschwitz or Buchenwald concentration camps.

A defence ministry official has said the event was not celebratory in nature, describing it as a "soldierly ritual".

- 'Important date for Russians' -

Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov has declined to comment on the controversy, saying Saint Petersburg was known for its "rich polemic traditions".

"This is a very important date for our entire country, for all Russians and personally for President Putin," Peskov said on Friday.

Putin, at 66, was born after the war. But his older brother died in childhood during the devastating siege and is buried in a mass grave at the Piskaryovskoe cemetery.

The Russian leader's mother nearly succumbed to hunger, while his father fought in the war and was wounded near Leningrad.

Putin will visit the Piskaryovskoe cemetery and attend a memorial concert, among other events.

Since Friday, the city has been holding a series of commemorative events that include music concerts and film screenings.

On Sunday evening, authorities will conduct a gun salute in memory of the gun fire that marked the end of the ordeal in 1944.

Saint Petersburg's rostral columns -- some of the city's most recognisable landmarks -- will be lit, and residents have been invited to light candles in their windows.

The trauma from the war is deeply ingrained in the collective psyche of the city.

Some buildings still carry signs warning residents about air raids.

Russia's former imperial capital is home to some 108,000 war veterans and siege survivors.