"The People's Liberation Army-Navy, China Coast Guard and Chinese Maritime Militia vessels engaged in dangerous maneuvers, including ramming and towing," Manila's national task force on the West Philippine Sea said in a statement.

"Their actions put at risk the lives of our personnel and damaged our boats."

The Second Thomas Shoal has seen an escalating number of confrontations between Chinese and Philippine ships in recent months.

These have often taken place during Philippine resupply missions to a garrison of Filipino troops on a grounded navy vessel, the Sierra Madre, aimed at asserting Manila's claims to the reef.

The shoal lies about 200 kilometres (120 miles) from the western Philippine island of Palawan and more than 1,000 kilometres from China's nearest major landmass, Hainan island.

The Chinese coast guard said early Monday a Philippine resupply ship in the area had "ignored many solemn warnings from the Chinese side" and that they "took control measures" against it "in accordance with the law."

It "approached the... Chinese vessel in an unprofessional way, resulting in a collision", Beijing said.

Philippine Defence Secretary Gilberto C. Teodoro, vowed to defend his country's sovereignty, saying China's "dangerous and reckless behaviour in the West Philippine Sea shall be resisted".

"It should now be clear to the international community that China's actions are the true obstacles to peace and stability in the South China Sea," he added.

The Philippine government statement did not specify which boats were rammed and the extent of the damage.

The United States, an ally of Manila, voiced concern over China's actions.

US ambassador to the Philippines MaryKay Carlson said in a post on social media that Washington "condemns" China's "aggressive dangerous manoeuvres which caused bodily injury, damaged Philippine vessels, and hindered lawful maritime operations."

National Security Council spokesman John Kirby later told reporters in Washington that China's behaviour was "provocative" and could spark larger conflicts.

"It's reckless and unnecessary, and it could lead to misunderstandings and miscalculations that could lead to something much bigger and much more violent," Kirby said.

A State Department spokesman meanwhile called the actions "escalatory" and noted that a US-Philippines defence treaty includes "armed attacks" on its Coast Guard "anywhere in the South China Sea."

France and Japan also denounced China's actions.

Japanese ambassador Endo Kazuya expressed his country's "grave concern over the repeated dangerous and aggressive actions" by the China Coast Guard.

French ambassador Marie Fontanel in a social media post said that "we oppose any threat or use of force contrary to international law".