Bolivia's army and naval chiefs were arrested on Wednesday after soldiers and tanks took up positions in front of government buildings in what President Luis Arce called an attempt to overthrow his government, before pulling back.

Russia on Thursday joined a wave of countries denouncing the army's actions.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said he hoped for "calm as soon as possible" and the foreign ministry said it "strongly condemns the attempted military coup."

"We express our full, unwavering support for the government of President Luis Arce," the foreign ministry said.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov also had a phone conversation with Bolivian counterpart, Celinda Sosa, Moscow said.

"Lavrov confirmed our solidarity with brotherly Bolivia, a reliable strategic partner of Russia," the Moscow ministry said.

Arce visited Russia earlier this month, holding talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin and speaking at a major economic forum.

At the meeting, Putin hailed a "solid foundation of respect" between the countries and said he hoped to boost economic ties, according to a Kremlin readout of the meeting.

It was a rare trip to Russia by a foreign leader amid Moscow's full-scale military offensive on Ukraine, which has isolated Putin in the West.

Moscow also took aim on Thursday at unspecified foreign states it said were trying to interfere in Bolivia's political process.

"We warn against attempts at destructive foreign interference in the internal affairs of Bolivia and other states, which has repeatedly led to tragic consequences for a number of countries and peoples, including in the Latin American region," the foreign ministry said.

It did not specify what kind of "foreign interference" it was referring to, although Moscow routinely deploys such language to criticise the United States and other Western countries.