The missile test, which China's defence ministry said was carrying a dummy warhead, was its first such exercise in decades.

"The Chinese authorities previously notified their French counterparts of this test," the French High Commission said in a statement, adding that France would make its position on the test known.

French Polynesia President Moetai Brotherson earlier told AFP that "the missile fell not far from... the Marquesas Islands", within the territory's exclusive economic zone.

Beijing has stepped up its nuclear development and boosted defence spending in recent years, with the Pentagon warning last October that China was developing its arsenal more quickly than the United States had anticipated.

China held more than 500 operational nuclear warheads as of May 2023 and is likely to have more than 1,000 by 2030, the Pentagon said.

Beijing's defence ministry said the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) had carried "a dummy warhead... and the missile fell into expected sea areas" on Wednesday.

It also said that the firing was a "routine arrangement in our annual training plan" and "not directed against any country or target".

The United States said it received "some advanced notification of this ICBM test," describing this as "a step in the right direction" that helps prevent "misperception or miscalculation."

But the launch sparked protests from countries in the region, with China's neighbour Japan saying it had not been given advance notice.

Australia said it was seeking "an explanation", while New Zealand calling the launch "an unwelcome and concerning development".