The test of India's "nuclear deterrence capability" makes it one of six countries -- alongside the United States, Britain, Russia, France and China -- with nuclear strike and counterstrike capabilities on land, sea and air.

The submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) underlined India's push towards building its own military hardware.

The Asian giant is one of the largest arms importers in the world and still heavily relies on hardware from Moscow, its largest and oldest military supplier for decades.

The launch "is significant to prove crew competency and validate" the ballistic missile submarines -- "a key element of India's nuclear deterrence capability," the ministry statement said.

It added that "all operational and technological parameters of the weapon system" fired from INS Arihant in the Bay of Bengal had been passed.

India has fought wars and has long-standing border disputes with its nuclear-armed neighbours arch-rival Pakistan and China.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government recently unveiled the first batch of Indian-made attack helicopters, designed for use in high-altitude areas like the Himalayas where its troops clashed with China in 2020.

In September it debuted its first locally-made aircraft carrier, a milestone in efforts to counter China's increasing military assertiveness in the region.

The INS Vikrant is one of the world's biggest naval vessels at a length of 262 metres (860 feet) and entered service after 17 years of construction and tests.