For more than a week, the South Asian neighbours have engaged in bloody border clashes -- their worst conflict since the return of the Taliban government in 2021.
A 48-hour truce briefly put a stop to the fighting, which has killed dozens of troops and civilians, until Friday's air strikes.
After peace talks in Doha, Qatar's foreign ministry said early Sunday that "the two sides agreed to an immediate ceasefire and the establishment of mechanisms to consolidate lasting peace and stability between the two countries".
They also agreed to follow-up meetings in the coming days to ensure the ceasefire, the foreign ministry added.
Pakistan's Defence Minister Khawaja Asif confirmed that a ceasefire agreement had been reached and said the two sides would meet again in Istanbul on October 25.
"Terrorism on Pakistani soil conducted from Afghanistan will immediately stop. Both neighbouring countries will respect each other's sovereignty," Asif posted on social media.
Afghan Defence Minister Mohammed Yaqub said both sides had "concluded that each country will respect the other".
"(We) will not violate the other's rights, will not support hostile actions against the other, and no party or group will be allowed to harm the security of the other country or attack it," he said.
The defence ministers posted a picture on X shaking hands after the signing.
- 'No interest' in conflict -
Michael Kugelman, a leading South Asia analyst, said "the Taliban have no interest in an all-out conflict that would pit them against a vastly superior military force".
"That gives them a strong incentive to agree to a long ceasefire," he told AFP, though he warned that the risks of escalation "remain high".
Security issues lie at the heart of the clashes.
Since the Taliban returned to power, Pakistan has witnessed a dramatic spike in militant attacks, mainly near its 2,600-kilometre (1,600-mile) border with Afghanistan.
Analysts say Islamist fighters have been emboldened by the neighbouring insurgency's success following the withdrawal of US forces in 2021.
Islamabad alleges that hostile groups, including the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), operate from "sanctuaries" in Afghanistan, a charge the Taliban government routinely denies.
Kugelman said it was the Taliban's "lack of action" on those alleged groups "that provoked Pakistani military strikes and triggered the recent crisis".
The cross-border violence flared on October 11, days after explosions rocked Kabul during an unprecedented visit by the Taliban's Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi to India, Pakistan's archrival.
The Taliban then launched a deadly offensive along parts of its southern border with Pakistan, prompting Islamabad to vow a strong response.
Ahead of the Doha talks, a senior Taliban official told AFP that Pakistan had bombed three locations in Paktika province late Friday, and warned that Kabul would retaliate.
A hospital official in Paktika told AFP that 10 civilians, including two children, were killed and 12 others wounded. Three cricket players were among the dead.
Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid wrote on X that their forces had been ordered to hold fire "to maintain the dignity and integrity of its negotiating team".
Saadullah Torjan, a minister in Spin Boldak in Afghanistan's south, said: "For now, the situation is returning to normal."
"But there is still a state of war, and people are afraid."
At least 10 Afghans dead as Kabul accuses Pakistan of breaking truce
Kabul (AFP) Oct 17, 2025 -
Pakistan launched air strikes inside Afghanistan late Friday, killing at least 10 people and breaking a ceasefire that had brought two days of calm to the border, Afghan officials told AFP.
The 48-hour truce paused nearly a week of bloody border clashes that killed dozens of troops and civilians on both sides.
"Pakistan has broken the ceasefire and bombed three locations in Paktika" province, a senior Taliban official told AFP, speaking on condition of anonymity. "Afghanistan will retaliate."
Ten civilians were killed and 12 others wounded in the strikes, a provincial hospital official told AFP on condition of anonymity, adding that two children were among the dead.
The Afghanistan Cricket Board told AFP that three players who were in the region for a tournament were killed, revising down an earlier toll of eight.
It also said it was withdrawing from the upcoming Tri-Nation T20I Series involving Pakistan, scheduled for next month.
In Pakistan, a senior security official told AFP that forces had "conducted precision aerial strikes" in Afghan border areas targeting the Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group, a local faction linked to Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) -- the Pakistani Taliban.
Islamabad said that same group had been involved in a suicide bombing and gun attack at a military camp in the North Waziristan district that borders Afghanistan, which left seven Pakistani paramilitary troops dead.
- 'Heavy price' -
Security issues are at the heart of the tensions, with Pakistan accusing Afghanistan of harbouring militant groups led by the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) -- the Pakistani Taliban -- on its soil, a claim Kabul denies.
The cross-border violence had escalated dramatically from Saturday, days after explosions rocked the Afghan capital Kabul, just as the Taliban's foreign minister began an unprecedented visit to India, Pakistan's longtime rival.
The Taliban then launched an offensive along parts of its southern border with Pakistan, prompting Islamabad to vow a strong response of its own.
When the truce began at 1300 GMT on Wednesday, Islamabad said that it was to last 48 hours, but Kabul said the ceasefire would remain in effect until Pakistan violated it.
Pakistan's Defence Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif accused Kabul of acting as "a proxy of India" and "plotting" against Pakistan.
"From now on, demarches will no longer be framed as appeals for peace, and delegations will not be sent to Kabul," Asif wrote in a post on X.
"Wherever the source of terrorism is, it will have to pay a heavy price."
Taliban government spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said its forces had been ordered not to attack unless Pakistani forces fired first.
"'If they do, then you have every right to defend your country'", he said in an interview with the Afghan television channel Ariana, relaying the message sent to the troops.
- 'Mixed feelings' -
Before the latest strikes, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan said 37 people were killed and 425 wounded on the Afghan side of the border, calling on both sides to bring a lasting end to hostilities.
In Spin Boldak, the scene of intense fighting, hundreds of people attended funerals on Thursday, including for children whose bodies were wrapped in white shrouds.
"People have mixed feelings," Nematullah, 42, told AFP. "They fear that the fighting will resume, but they still leave their homes and go about their business."
But on Friday, residents described scenes of normalcy.
"Everything is fine, everything is open," Nani, 35, told AFP.
"I'm not afraid, but everyone sees things differently. Some say they're going to send their children elsewhere as the situation isn't good, but I don't think anything will happen," said Nani, who did not give a surname.
Calm had also returned to Kabul, where new explosions rang out shortly before the ceasefire announcement on Wednesday.
Nobody claimed responsibility for the blasts, but Pakistani security sources said they had undertaken "precision strikes" against an armed group in the Afghan capital.
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